Five states require employers to withhold State Disability Insurance (SDI) from employee paychecks: California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. The deduction funds short-term income replacement if you are unable to work due to illness, injury, off-the-job accident, or pregnancy. All rates and wage bases below come from official state agency sources and were verified on 2026-10-07.
Check how SDI affects your paycheck with the paycheck calculator.
2026 SDI Rates and Limits at a Glance
| State | Rate | Wage Base | Annual Maximum | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California (CA) | 1.30% | No cap | No cap | CA EDD |
| Hawaii (HI) | 0.50% | Weekly cap applies | $390 ($7.50/week) | HI DLIR |
| New Jersey (NJ) | 0.19% | $171,100 | $325.09 | NJ DEA |
| New York (NY) | 0.50% | Weekly cap applies | $31.20 ($0.60/week) | NY WCB |
| Rhode Island (RI) | 1.10% | $100,000 | $1,100 | RI DLT |
California SDI: No Cap, 1.3%
California’s SDI rate for 2026 is 1.3% on all wages — no wage base ceiling and no annual maximum. SB 951 (effective January 1, 2024) permanently removed California’s wage cap, which previously stopped withholding after about $145,600.
What you pay in 2026:
- At $50,000 salary: $650/year ($25/biweekly period)
- At $80,000 salary: $1,040/year ($40/biweekly period)
- At $150,000 salary: $1,950/year ($75/biweekly period)
- At $500,000 salary: $6,500/year — there is no upper limit
California SDI covers disability for up to 52 weeks. Benefits are approximately 60%–70% of wages up to the state average weekly wage. The same payroll contribution also funds California’s Paid Family Leave program (no separate deduction). (CA EDD)
Check your California take-home at /paycheck-calculator/california/.
Hawaii TDI: Capped at $7.50 Per Week
Hawaii’s Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) is 0.5% of weekly wages, but no more than $7.50 per week — a cap that corresponds to a weekly wage of $1,500. For 2026, the Hawaii DLIR set the maximum weekly wage base at $1,500.21.
What you pay in 2026:
- Weekly wages under $1,500: 0.5% of your weekly wages
- Weekly wages at or above $1,500: $7.50/week → $390/year maximum
A worker earning $80,000 ($1,538/week) pays the maximum: $390/year. Withholding only applies in weeks where the employee has earned at least $400 in the preceding 52 weeks and worked 14 or more qualifying weeks.
Hawaii’s TDI covers up to 26 weeks of disability per benefit year. (HI DLIR)
Check your Hawaii take-home at /paycheck-calculator/hawaii/.
New Jersey DI: Modest Rate, High Wage Base
New Jersey’s Disability Insurance (DI) rate for 2026 is 0.19% on wages up to $171,100, for a maximum of $325.09 per year. The wage base for DI (employee share) differs from the UI wage base of $44,800; the higher $171,100 base applies to employee DI and Family Leave Insurance contributions.
What you pay in 2026:
- At $50,000: $50,000 × 0.19% = $95/year
- At $80,000: $80,000 × 0.19% = $152/year
- At $171,100 or above: $325.09/year (maximum)
New Jersey TDI provides up to 26 weeks of benefits at 85% of average weekly wages (up to the statewide average weekly wage). New Jersey also deducts separately for Family Leave Insurance (FLI) — see Paid Family and Medical Leave Payroll Taxes for that rate. (NJ DEA)
Check your New Jersey take-home at /paycheck-calculator/new-jersey/.
New York SDI: Statutory Cap Since the 1970s
New York’s employee SDI contribution under the Workers’ Compensation Law is 0.5% of wages, but capped at $0.60 per week — an annual maximum of $31.20. This cap was set by statute and has not been updated since the 1970s. For almost every employee earning more than $120/week, the maximum $0.60/week applies.
What you pay in 2026:
- Any salary above approximately $6,240/year: $31.20/year flat (the statutory cap)
- The rate is technically 0.5% but the cap means the effective rate falls below 0.5% for virtually all workers
New York’s SDI covers disability for up to 26 weeks at 50% of average weekly wages, up to a benefit maximum set annually. Paid Family Leave is a completely separate New York deduction — for 2026, NY PFL costs 0.432% of wages up to a maximum of $411.91/year. (NY WCB)
Check your New York take-home at /paycheck-calculator/new-york/.
Rhode Island TDI: Highest Maximum in 2026
Rhode Island’s Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) rate for 2026 is 1.1% on wages up to $100,000, for a maximum of $1,100 per year. This is a reduction from 2025, when the rate was 1.3% with a higher wage base, saving Rhode Island workers up to $200 on this deduction.
What you pay in 2026:
- At $50,000: $50,000 × 1.1% = $550/year
- At $80,000: $80,000 × 1.1% = $880/year
- At $100,000 or above: $1,100/year (maximum)
Rhode Island TDI also covers Temporary Caregiver Insurance (TCI), which provides up to 8 weeks of paid leave to bond with a child or care for a seriously ill family member — at the same TDI contribution rate. No separate TCI deduction exists. (RI DLT)
Check your Rhode Island take-home at /paycheck-calculator/rhode-island/.
Side-by-Side: $80,000 Salary
| State | Annual SDI Withheld | Monthly Impact |
|---|---|---|
| California | $1,040 | $87 |
| Hawaii | $390 | $33 |
| New Jersey | $152 | $13 |
| New York | $31.20 | $2.60 |
| Rhode Island | $880 | $73 |
California’s uncapped 1.3% is by far the most significant SDI deduction; New York’s statutory $0.60/week cap means SDI is nearly invisible on most workers’ paychecks.
What If I Overpay SDI?
If you work for two employers in a mandatory SDI state and both withhold independently, you can overpay when your combined wages exceed the wage base. In states with a cap (NJ, RI), claim the excess as a credit on your state income tax return. California has no cap, so overpayment generally cannot occur. For Hawaii and New York, the weekly cap limits withholding automatically each week.